Performance of Telecom Service Provider

ASA University Review, Vol. 5 nary(prenominal) 2, JulyDecember, 2011 Performance of Grameen predict and Robi in Telecom. heavens of Bangladesh A Comparative Study S. M. Akterujjaman* Md. Rouf Biswas* Md. Nur-E-Alam Siddique** Abstract The last decade has brought the origin wave of the rattling sprightly generation which is built around uns board prognosticates, short pass benefit (SMS), and portable electronic assistants. The alert communication theory industry has been one of the most flourishing orbits at heart the ICT industry and, in general, within the economy.Grameen phone call back and Robi atomic enactment 18 the biggest mobile audio street girls in our country and their division is precise(prenominal) great to our economy. The prime objective of the study is to equal the writ of execution between Grameenphone and Robi in the telecommunications sector of Bangladesh. This study is establish on the priming of well-nigh(prenominal) capital and secondar y selective reading. The uncreated data were roll up from congenator mobile phone companies nodes from Khulna city. conglomeration two hundred nodes ( cytosine guests of Grameenphone and one hundred customers of Robi) were surveyed through the judgmental sampling method with questionnaire from March to June 2011.The questionnaire consisted of 25 questions. After collection of firsthand data, hypotheses were formulated and paired samples T-test was used to test the hypotheses with 0. 05 aim of statistical significance. The statistical computer package SPSS version 16. 0 was used to analyze the data. The recommendations were provided assemble on the findings and analytic thinking. Key words Performance, Telecommunications sector, Grameenphone, Robi, Customer felicity, communicate, Hypotheses. Introduction The the great unwashed of Bangladesh atomic fig 18 now dreaming of a digital Bangladesh.Faster learning of telecommunications meshwork conjugated with improve d tone of voice of utility in line with the national development is a must for the fulfillment of the vision and aspiration of digital Bangladesh and as well to take her to a purview of honor in the community of nations in the 21st century. Mobile phone operators cast off been playing an Copernican single- look ond function in this regard (Rahman, 2010). The last decade has brought the first wave of the truly mobile generation which is built around mobile phones, short messaging serve (SMS), and portable electronic assistants.But now there is crocked designate to suggest that there is an even bigger wave to come dictated by the increasing worldwide technological trend towards mobility and engineering integration. This is lucid through the plans and strategic directions of many of the major players in this field (Mahmud and Chowdhury, 2010). * ** ripened Lecturers, Department of air Administration, no(prenominal)thern University Bangladesh Lecturer, Faculty of Business, ASA University Bangladesh 160 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 no(prenominal) 2, JulyDecember, 2011The telecommunication function in Bangladesh were provided until 1989 by the state-owned monopoly provider Bangladesh Telegraph and call Board (BTTB), telecommunications servicings. In 1989, the Government of Bangladesh opened the telecom sector by awarding licenses to two operators one to operate fixed telephones in campestral plains (Bangladesh Rural Telecom Authority) and the new(prenominal) to operate mobile phoneular mobile phone and pager (Bangladesh Telecom LtdBTL) serve. In 1992, Pacific Bangladesh Telecom extra (PBTL) bought the mobile part of the BTL (Khan 2003).The telecommunications market in Bangladesh, particularly the mobile phone sector consists of six mobile phone operators. These argon Grameenphone Limited (GP), Orascom Telecom Bangladesh Limited (Banglalink), Robi Axiata Limited, Airtel Bangladesh Limited, Pacific Bangladesh Telecom Limited (Citycell), and Te le call down Bangladesh Limited (http//www. btrc. gov. bd). Since its inception Grameenphone has built the widest cellular network in the country with over 13,000 base stations in often than 7000 perspectives. Presently, nearly 98 percent of the countrys population is within the coverage atomic number 18a of the Grameenphone network.Grameenphone has always been a pioneer in introducing new products and table services in the local market. GP was the first caller to introduce GSM technology in Bangladesh when it launched its services in March 1997. Grameenphone was alike the first operator to introduce the pre-paid service in September 1999. It established the first 24-hour call off Center, introduced apprize-added services such as VMS, SMS, fax and data transmission services, transnational roaming service, WAP, SMS- found pushpull services, EDGE, personal ring back tone and many another(prenominal)wise products and services.The broad(a) Grameenphone network is also ED GE/GPRS enabled, al brokening access to high-speed profits and data services from anywhere within the coverage ara. There be before long nearly 2. 6 million EDGE/GPRS users in the Grameenphone network. Today, Grameenphone is the leading telecommunications service provider in Bangladesh with much than than 33 million subscribers as of whitethorn 2011 (http//www. grameenphone. com). The sh areholders of Grameenphone contribute their unique, in-depth experience in both telecommunications and development. It is a peg profess enterprise between Telenor (55. %), the largest telecommunications service provider in Norway with mobile phone operations in 12 other countries, and Grameen Telecom Corporation (34. 2% ), a non-profit sister concern of the foreignly acclaimed micro-credit pioneer Grameen Bank. The other 10% shares belong to general retail and institutional investors (http//www. grameenphone. com). Robi Axiata Limited is a joint venture company between Axiata Group Berha d, Malaysia and NTT DOCOMO INC, Japan. It was formerly cognise as Telecom Malaysia International (Bangladesh) which commenced operations in Bangladesh in 1997 with the brand remark AKTEL.On 28th March 2010, the service name was rebranded as Robi and the company came to be known as Robi Axiata Limited. Robi is truly a plenty-oriented brand of Bangladesh. Robi, the peoples champion, is there for the people of Bangladesh, where they insufficiency and the way they want. Having the local tradition at its core, Robi marches in front with innovation and creativity. To ensure leading- leaping technology, Robi displumes from the international expertise of Axiata and NTT DOCOMO INC. It hurts 2G voice, CAMEL Phase II & triplet and GPRS/EDGE service with high speed internet connectivity.Its GSM service is based on a robust network architecture and cutting edge technology such as Intelligent network (IN), which provides peace-of-mind The Performance of Grameenphone and Robi 161 upshots in terms of voice clarity, extensive nationwide network coverage and manifold global partners for international roaming. It has the widest International Roaming coverage in Bangladesh connecting 600 operators across more than than 200 countries. Its customer centric solvent includes treasure added services, fiber customer care, easy access call centers, digital network security and on the table tariff rates (http//www. obi. com. bd). Robi Axiata Limited is a Joint Venture company between Axiata Group Berhad (70%) and NTT DOCOMO INC. (30%) (http//www. robi. com. bd). Objectives of the Study The prime objective of the study is to compare the exercise between Grameenphone and Robi in the telecommunications sector of Bangladesh. The more specific objectives are as follows 1. To determine the factors that influence consumers to choose a mobile phone operator. 2. To find out opposite types of facilities that both companies are offering to scope new customers and to retain the p resent one. . To know almost the specific area where subscribers are cheery or dis meet. 4. To find out the take aim of customer cheer towards the services provided by Grameenphone and Robi. 5. To provide just about recommendations to increase the performance of Grameenphone and Robi. Methodology of the Study The methodology adopted for the current study is presented infra in a sequential manner get-gos of Data This study is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through personal interview with a structured questionnaire and direct observations.Secondary data were collected from the published official statistics, report documents, laws, ordinance, books, articles, periodicals of different domestic and international agencies, annual reports of concerned cell phone operators, ministry of posts & telecommunications, websites etc. Questionnaire Design The primary data were collected from relative mobile phone companies customers from Khulna city. keep down 200 customers (100 customers of Robi and 100 customers of Grameenphone) were surveyed through the toilet quick-wittedness sampling method with questionnaire from March to June 2011.The questionnaire consisted of 25 questions. The questionnaire was pre-tested (piloted) on a convenience sample of 30 respondents of both cell phone companies from Khulna city. The aim was to check that the issues were pertinent and the questions were clear, understandable, and comprehensible. The layout of round questions was modified and super wedge improvements were done as a core of the pilot study. Data synopsis Methods A five-point Likert type scale statements were used to measure the variables where 1 stands for strongly disagreed and 5 stands for strongly agreed effect on the statements (Luthans, 2002).After collection of primary data, hypotheses were formulated and paired samples t-test was used to test the hypotheses with 0. 05 take aim of statistical significance. The statisti cal computer package SPSS version 16. 0 was used to analyze the data. 162 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, JulyDecember, 2011 Hypotheses Formulation Research hypothesis is an unproven statement, which fosters the enquiryer to draw the suggestion on his hypothetical assumption whether it is true or preposterous based on some specific statistical test (Alam and Neger, 2009). For the convenience of the study the following hypotheses are developed which are to be tested. defer 1 Developing Hypotheses for Different Factors Alternative hypothesis Factors Null hypothesis (H0) (Ha) Network Coverage x ncm? 0 x ncm* =0 effectiveness of Network x enm? 0 x enm=0 Low Call vagabond x lcrm=0 x lcrm? 0 accessibility of SIM Card x ascm=0 x ascm? 0 Low Price SIM Card x lpscm=0 x lpscm? 0 Solution of the Problems Related to x sprsrm=0 x sprsrm? 0 SIM Replacement finicky Offer to the Customers x socm=0 x socm? 0 Free dialogue epoch & Bonus Facilities x ftbfm=0 x ftbfm? 0 Pulse preparatio n x pfm=0 x pfm? 0 Availability of Flexi Load/ leisurely Load x aflelfm=0 x aflelfm? 0 Facility Friends & Family modus operandi Facility x ffnm=0 x ffnm? net profit & GPRS Connection x igcm=0 x igcm? 0 Location of the table service Center x lscm? 0 x lscm=0 regard as Added Services Facilities x vasfm? 0 x vasfm=0 *m= Two Mobile Companies (i. e Grameenphone and Robi) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Empirical Findings and Analysis An analysis is generated from the questionnaire to fulfill the objectives of the study. In order to analyze the collected data a 5-point Likert type scale has been used. 5 stands for extremely squelched customers, 4 stands for save cheery customers, 3 stands for so-so(p) customers, 2 stands for disgruntled customers, and 1 stands for passing dis quenched customers.Several judgments are being made from the responses of customers to validate the objectives of the study. The results are presented downstairs 1. Network Coverage Network accessibility is an important factor to the customers. They take a crap more emphasis in this particular point in get the brand. The Performance of Grameenphone and Robi parry 2 contentment Regarding Network Coverage Options exceedingly pleasant comfortable torpid dis fit extremely dis pleasant Total misbegot take to be ( x ) precedent conflict (SD) Coefficient of rendering (CV) point of reference house Survey, March-June 2011 163 measure out 5 4 3 2 1 absolute frequency Grameenphone 34 55 11 0 0 100 4. 23 . 63333 14. 97 Robi 15 46 29 8 2 100 3. 64 . 90476 24. 86 From the above table, it is found that 34% respondents of GP are super snug and 55% respondents are satisfied regarding network coverage. On the other hand, 15% respondents of Robi are highly satisfied and 46% respondents are satisfied and 29% respondents put downed their neutrality regarding network coverage. hither pie-eyed rank apprise of GP and Robi respondents regarding network coverage are se parately 4. 23 and 3. 64 and the coefficient of sportsman are respectively 14. 97 and 24. 6, which forecast that GP is in a very strong moorage than Robi. 2. Effectiveness of Network When the customers have the information in their hand slightly the different network quick-wittedness of the different cell phone operators then they give the priority to buy the linkup of that operator which has the best coverage. Customers also give importance on the dominance of the network. evade 3 shows that 62% customers are satisfied and 25% customers are highly satisfied about the effectuality of network of GP. On the other hand, 32% customers were neutral in their creed towards the effectiveness of network of Robi.Of whom 26% customers were satisfied and 18% customers were highly satisfied. The rigorous apprise of customers response towards the effectiveness of network of GP is 4. 12, which untruths in satisfied category, while mean harbor of Robi is 3. 29 which lies in neutral cat egory of customers assessment. Table 3 Effectiveness of Network Options extremely comfortable commodious Neutral disgruntled extremely Dissatisfied Total specify evaluate ( x ) specimen difference (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source expanse Survey, March-June 2011 tax 5 4 3 2 1 relative frequency Grameenphone 25 62 13 0 0 100 4. 2 . 60769 14. 75 Robi 18 26 32 15 9 100 3. 29 1. 19168 36. 22 164 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, JulyDecember, 2011 The coefficient of play of GP and Robi are respectively 14. 75 and 36. 22 which indicate that the opinion of the customers of GP is little deviated than Robi. 3. Call tell From the table 4 it is found that 48% respondents of Robi showed their neutrality and 31% and 18% respondents were respectively satisfied and highly satisfied. On the other hand, 73% GP customers are dissatisfied and 15% are highly satisfied towards the call rate.Table 4 Satisfaction Regarding Call Rate Options highly convenient Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total hateful Value ( x ) Standard disagreement (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source Field Survey, March-June 2011 Value 5 4 3 2 1 oftenness Grameenphone Robi 0 18 0 31 12 48 73 3 15 0 100 100 1. 97 3. 64 .52136 . 81054 26. 46 22. 27 Here mean evaluate of GP and Robi respondents are respectively 1. 97 and 3. 64 indicate that Robi is in strong direct than GP regarding call rate. The comfort of CV of Rabi and GP are 22. 27 and 26. 46 accordingly. It is observed that the CV of Robi is lower than GP.That means the customers of Robi perceived low call rate than that of GP. 4. Availability of SIM Card From the table 5 it is found that GP customers enjoy handiness of the SIM computer menu. Thats why about 47% respondents of GP are in highly satisfied level and 38% are satisfied regarding availability of SIM card. On the other hand, 28% Robi customers were neutral and 31% were satisfied towards availability of SIM card. Table 5 Availability of SIM Card Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source Field Survey, March-June 2011Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone Robi 47 15 38 31 15 28 0 19 0 7 100 100 4. 32 3. 28 . 72307 1. 14662 16. 74 34. 96 The Performance of Grameenphone and Robi 165 Here mean value of GP and Robi respondents regarding availability of the SIM cards are respectively 4. 32 and 3. 28 and the coefficient of variableness are respectively 16. 74 and 34. 96, indicate that GP is in a strong position than Robi. 5. Low Price SIM Card Customers always expect that when they testament feel the necessity for the SIM card of nay mobile phone operators, at that time they leave behind get the SIM card in low hurt.Table 6 shows that 40% respondents of GP are dissatisfied and 35% respondents are neutral in their opinion regarding low hurt SIM card. On the other hand, 32% Robi customers were satisfied and 29% were highly satisfied about low price SIM card. The mean value of customers response regarding low price SIM card of GP is 2. 57, which lies in neutral category, while mean value of Robi is 3. 79, which falls in satisfied category of customers responses. In this regard, the value of CV of Robi is lower than that of GP. It is found that the opinion of the customers of Robi is slight scattered than GP i. Robi offer low price SIM card. Table 6 Low Price SIM Card Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source Field Survey, March-June 2011 Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone 5 9 35 40 11 100 2. 57 . 97706 38. 02 Robi 29 32 28 11 0 100 3. 79 . 98775 26. 06 6. Solution of the Problems Related to SIM Replacement Table 7 shows that 54% respondents of GP are satisfied and 21% respondents are neutral in b slightedness regarding solution of the problems related to SIM refilling.About 54. 00% of the respondents of GP are above the satisfied level. On the other hand, 47% Robi customers are satisfied and 24% customers showed their neutrality. 166 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, JulyDecember, 2011 Table 7 Solution of the Problems Related to SIM Replacement Options Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone Robi 16 13 54 47 21 24 9 11 0 5 100 100 3. 77 3. 52 . 82701 1. 01980 21. 94 28. 97 Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source Field Survey, March-June 2011Here mean value of GP and Robi respondents about satisfaction regarding solution of the problems related to SIM replacement are respectively 3. 77 and 3. 52 and the CV is 21. 94 and 28. 97 accordingly. It is observed that the CV of GP is less than the CV of Robi. So, the researchers can conclude that the customers GP are more satisfied than that of Robi towards satisfaction regarding solu tion of the problems related to SIM replacement. 7. Special Offers to the Customers Customers always expect that their operators will give some special offers to them regularly.The operators who are providing special offers to customers, are getting more customers. Table 7 reveals that about 39% respondents of Robi are satisfied and 26% are neutral. On the other hand, 37% GP customers are showing their neutrality and 32% was dissatisfied regarding special offers to the customers. Table 8 Special Offers to the Customers Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source Field Survey, March-June 2011 Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone Robi 9 21 12 39 37 26 32 14 10 0 100 100 2. 78 3. 67 1. 7853 . 96457 38. 80 26. 28 Mean value of GP and Robi respondents regarding special offers to the customers are respectively 2. 78 and 3. 67 and the coefficient of variation are respectiv ely 38. 80 and 26. 28. It indicates that Robi is in a break down position than GP in providing special offers to the customers. The Performance of Grameenphone and Robi 8. Free Talk Time & Bonus Facilities 167 Free talk time & bonus facilities are very important for the customers to choose a particular mobile phone service provider. So, they always like to use the connection of that operator who will offer them free talk time & bonus facilities.Table 9 Free Talk Time & Bonus Facilities Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source Field Survey, March-June 2011 Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone Robi 0 26 0 39 7 25 51 10 42 0 100 100 1. 65 3. 81 . 60927 . 93954 36. 93 24. 66 Table 9 shows that 51% customers are dissatisfied and 42% customers are highly dissatisfied about free talk time & bonus facilities of GP. On the other hand, 39% customers were satisfied in their opinion towards free talk time & bonus facilities of Robi.Of whom 26% customers were highly satisfied and 25% customers were neutral. The mean value of customers response towards free talk time & bonus facilities of GP is 1. 65, which lies in dissatisfied category, while mean value of Robi is 3. 81 which lie in satisfied category of customers opinion. The value of CV of Robi is lower than GP and it denotes that the customers opinion of Robi is less deviated than GP. So, it can be concluded that the customers of Robi are enjoying more free talk time & bonus facilities than GP customers. 9. Pulse Facilitiy The customers who want to talk in a short time desire for pound facilities.There are some operators in our country who are providing quiver facilities to the customers. Table 10 reveals that about 49% respondents of Robi are dissatisfied and 22% customers are satisfied. On the other hand, 68% GP customers are dissatisfied and 23% were highly dissatisfied regarding pulse facilitie s to the customers. 168 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, JulyDecember, 2011 Table 10 Satisfaction Regarding Pulse Facility Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source Field Survey, March-June 2011Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone Robi 0 5 0 22 9 17 68 49 23 7 100 100 1. 86 2. 69 . 55085 1. 05117 29. 62 39. 08 Here mean value of GP and Robi respondents regarding pulse facility to the customer are respectively 1. 86 and 2. 69 indicate that Robi is in a strong position than GP. 10. Availability of Flexi Load/Easy Load Facilities It is more important to the customer. each customer wants these facilities in a convenient mend. The operator who provides this facilities the customers are more satisfied on that operator than that of others.Table 11 Availability of Flexi Load/Easy Load Facilities Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisf ied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source Field Survey, March-June 2011 Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone Robi 63 12 32 20 5 32 0 29 0 7 100 100 4. 58 3. 01 . 58913 1. 12362 12. 86 37. 33 Table 12 shows that 63% customers are highly satisfied and 32% customers are satisfied regarding availability of flexi load facility of GP.On the other hand, 32% customers were neutral in their opinion towards Easy Load facility of Robi of whom 29% customers were dissatisfied and 20% customers were satisfied. The mean value of customers response towards availability of flexi load/easy load facilities of GP is 4. 58, which lies in highly satisfied category, while mean value of Robi is 3. 01 which lies in neutral category of customers opinion. The coefficient of variation of GP and Robi are respectively 12. 86 and 37. 33 which indicate that the opinion of the customers of GP is less deviated than that of Robi.The Performance of Grameenphone and Robi 11. Friends and Family Number Facilities 169 Every customer has some special number which is very much essential to him. He or she needfully to talk with these numbers frequently. So he or she expects a lower tariff for these numbers. Cell phone operators provide some facilities for these FnF number. The operator who provides lower tariff and gives opportunity to more FnF number the customers are more satisfied with that operator. Table 13 reveals that about 53% respondents of Robi are highly satisfied and 28% customers are satisfied.On the other hand, 49% GP customers are highly satisfied and 33% were satisfied regarding friends and family number facilities to the customers. Table 12 Friends and Family Number Facilities Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source Field Survey, March-June 2011 Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone 49 33 14 4 0 100 4. 27 . 85108 19. 9 3 Robi 53 28 12 7 0 100 4. 27 . 93046 21. 79 Here mean value of GP and Robi to the customer satisfaction regarding friends and family number facilities are respectively 4. 7 and 4. 27 and the coefficient of variation are 19. 93 and 21. 79 indicate that both the operators are near about equal position. 12. net and GPRS Connection Internet and GPRS connection are very important for the young cell phone users. They want to get these facilities within low cost. Table 13 Internet and GPRS Connection Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source Field Survey, March-June 2011 Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone Robi 11 8 28 25 35 31 16 22 10 14 100 100 3. 15 2. 91 1. 2254 1. 16424 35. 64 40. 01 170 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, JulyDecember, 2011 From the above table, it is found that 35% respondents of GP are neutral and 28% respondents are satisfied regarding Inter net and GPRS connection. On the other hand, 31% respondents of Robi showed their neutrality and 25% respondents are satisfied and 22% respondents are dissatisfied regarding Internet and GPRS connection. Here mean value of GP and Robi respondents are respectively 3. 15 and 2. 91 and the coefficient of variation are respectively 35. 64 and 40. 01, which indicate that GP is in a salutary position than Robi. 3. Location of the Service Center Table 15 shows that 40% customers are satisfied and 29% customers are highly satisfied 24% customers showed their neutrality regarding localisation of the service center of GP. On the other hand, 37% customers were satisfied towards location of the service center of Robi. Of whom 28% customers were neutral and 26% customers were highly satisfied. Table 14 Location of the Service Center Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source Fiel d Survey, March-June 2011Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone 29 40 24 7 0 100 3. 91 . 90000 23. 02 Robi 26 37 28 9 0 100 3. 80 . 93203 24. 53 Here mean value of GP and Robi to the customers satisfaction regarding location of the service center are respectively 3. 91 and 3. 80 and the coefficient of variation are 23. 02 and 24. 53 indicate that GP is in a soften position than Robi. 14. Value Added Services Facilities Cell phone operators provide some value added services such as SMS, MMS, and VMS etc. which is very important to the customers. The Performance of Grameenphone and RobiTable 15 Value Added Services Facilities Options Highly Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly Dissatisfied Total Mean Value ( x ) Standard Deviation (SD) Coefficient of Variation (CV) Source Field Survey, March-June 2011 171 Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone 10 45 36 5 4 100 3. 52 . 89307 25. 37 Robi 8 44 39 6 3 100 3. 48 . 84662 24. 33 Table 18 indicates that 44% respondents of Robi are in satisfied level and 39% are neutral in their opinion regarding value added services. On the other hand, 45% GP customers were satisfied and 36% evince their neutrality.The mean value of customers response towards value added services of GP is 3. 52, which lies in satisfied category, while mean value of Robi is 3. 48 which lie in neutral category of customers opinion. The value of CV of Robi is lower than GP and it denotes that the customers opinion of Robi is less deviated than GP. In fine it can be said both the companies tried to reach their best position by offering respective(a) opportunities. Both the companies are staying a strong position. But their initial investment, customers, adjustment number of customers is different from each other.It is also seen that some of the customers are satisfied with the specific sectors of Grameenphone and some of the customers are satisfied with the specific sectors of Robi. rill of Hypotheses and Results Test of hypotheses and resul ts have been presented in the below table 20 by the help of the statistical package SPSS version 16. 0. The interpretations of the hypotheses testing have been given afterward the table 20. Table 16 diametric Samples Test between Grameenphone and Robi Paired Differences Variables Mean 1. Network Coverage 2. Effectiveness of Network 3. Call Rate 4. Availability of SIM Card . 9000 . 83000 . 50000 1. 04000 Std. Std. phantasm Deviation Mean . 53362 . 05336 . 73930 . 07393 . 50252 . 05025 . 58465 . 05847 95% dominance Interval of the Difference dismay . 48412 . 68331 . 40029 . 92399 Upper t df 99 99 99 99 . 69588 11. 057 . 97669 11. 227 . 59971 9. 950 1. 15601 17. 788 Sig. (2tailed) . 000 . 000 . 000 . 000 Cont. Table 172 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, JulyDecember, 2011 Paired Differences Variables Mean 5. Low Price SIM Card 6. Solution of the Problems Related to SIM Replacement 7. Special Offer to the Customers 8. Free Talk Time & Bonus Facilities 9. Pulse Facility 10.Availa bility of Flexi Load/Easy Load Facility 11. Friends & Family Number Facility 12. Internet & GPRS Connection 13. Location of the Service Center 14. Value Added Services Facilities -1. 22000 . 25000 -. 89000 -2. 16000 -. 83000 1. 57000 . 00000 . 24000 . 11000 . 04000 Std. Std. Error Deviation Mean 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper t df 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 Sig. (2tailed) . 000 . 000 . 000 . 000 . 000 . 000 1. 000 . 000 . 001 . 103 .52378 . 05238 -1. 32393 -1. 11607 -23. 292 . 43519 . 04352 . 37322 . 03732 . 16365 -. 96405 . 33635 5. 745 -. 81595 -23. 847 .58119 . 5812 -2. 27532 -2. 04468 -37. 165 . 77921 . 07792 -. 98461 -. 67539 -10. 652 1. 71451 21. 557 . 05640 . 32517 . 17240 . 08819 . 000 5. 591 3. 498 1. 647 .72829 . 07283 1. 42549 . 28427 . 02843 . 42923 . 04292 . 31447 . 03145 . 24288 . 02429 -. 05640 . 15483 . 04760 -. 00819 Table 16 shows that in teddy of the factor network coverage the work out value of t (11. 057) is greater than the table val ue of t (1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That means, Ha is accepted. Regarding effectiveness of network the compute value of t (11. 227) is more than the tabulated value of t (1. 6) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That means, Ha is accepted. For the factor call rate the careful value of t (9. 950) is high than the table value of t (1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That is, Ha is supported. under the variable Availability of SIM card the reason value of t (17. 788) is greater than the table value of t (1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That means, Ha is accepted. In matter of low price SIM card the calculated value of t (-23. 292) is less than the table value of t (-1. 96) at 5% level of significance.So, H0 holds true. That means, H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected. The Performance of Grameenphone and Robi 173 Regarding solution of the problems related to SIM replacement the calculated value of t (5. 745) is greater than the table value of t (1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That is, Ha is accepted. Under the variable special offer to the customers the calculated value of t (-23. 847) is less than the table value of t (-1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 holds true. That is, H0 is supported. In case of free talk time & bonus facilities the calculated value of t (-37. 65) is less than the table value of t (-1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 holds true. That means, H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected. Under the variable pulse facility the calculated value of t (-10. 652) is less than the table value of t (-1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 holds true. That means, H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected. For the factor availability of flexi load/easy load facility the calculated value of t (21. 557) is greater than the table value of t (1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That means, Ha is accepted. In case of frie nds & family umber facility the calculated value of t (0) is less than the table value of t (1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 holds true. That means, H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected. For the factor Internet & GPRS connection the calculated value of t (5. 591) is greater than the table value of t (1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That means, Ha is accepted. Regarding location of the service center the calculated value of t (3. 498) is greater than the table value of t (1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That means, Ha is accepted.Under the variable value added services facilities the calculated value of t (1. 647) is less than the table value of t (1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 holds true. That means, H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected. Summary of Findings Grameenphone spent a large amount of money in the establishment year for the dominate purport and is doing die for the network coverage than that of Rob i. approximately of the customers of GP have given their opinion in favor of effectiveness of network. The customers of Robi perceived low call rate than that of GP. GP is in a strong position than Robi regarding availability of SIM card.It is found that the opinion of the customers of Robi is less scattered than GP i. e Robi offer low price SIM card. GP is in a better position in providing solution of the problems related to SIM replacement than Robi. It is observed that Robi is in a better position than GP in providing special offers to the customers. The customers of Robi are enjoying more free talk time & bonus facilities than GP customers. 174 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, JulyDecember, 2011 It is found that most of the customers of GP and Robi are dissatisfied regarding pulse facilities.But in comparison between these two operators, Robi is in a better position. Flexi load facility of Grameenphone is more available than that of easy load facility of Robi surroundin g the country. The performance of both GP and Robi are satisfactory regarding friends and family number facilities to the customers. It is found that most of the customers of GP and Robi are showing their neutrality regarding Internet and GPRS connection. But in comparison between these two operators, GP is in better position. The customers of both the operators are satisfied in case of location of the service center.It is found that the customers opinion of Robi is less deviated than GP in case of value added services. That is Robi provides more value added services than GP. Conclusion Quality of telecommunications service depends on both the telephone network and the supporting services. The first is known as equipment and system oriented quality and the second as people and process oriented quality. Equipment and system oriented quality consists of activities straightaway related to the network while people and process oriented quality consists of activities provided over the telephone network or face to face (Yusuf and Alam, 2010).The quality of service of mobile telecommunications is usually measured in terms of some common parameters such as call completion rate, call cancel rate, voice quality, percentage of complaints resolved within a stipulated time and customer service etc. (TRAI, 2008, Sutherland,2007, Australian communication theory and Media Authority 2008). Accessibility and connectivity necessitate to be further improved. This can be achieved through the upgrading of technological al-Qaida as well as the lowering of the internet usage cost through mobile phones to a more affordable level (Mahmud and Chowdhury, 2010).The research has provided insights like what are positive and negative aspects of both of the operators. For instance, the total number of customers of Grameenphone are very high than Robi. Grameenphone Company spent a large amount of money in the establishment year for the tower purpose and is doing better for the network fa cilities. On the other hand, Robi is doing better in case of call rate, low price SIM card, friends and family number facilities, bonus system etc.Robi needs to improve its poor network coverage, problem related to SIM replacement, insufficiency of the niggle card and easy load facilities, lack of convenient location of the service center and discount facilities etc. On the other hand Grameenphone is in a better position in comparison to Robi. It is doing better in case of following services like network coverage, effectiveness of network, solution of the problem related to SIM replacement, reconnection and migration, availability of the scratch card and flexi load facilities, location of the service center etc.But it can not be said that its services is much attractive to the customers. It has some other problems like lack of confine friends and family (FnF) number facilities and lack of bonus system (Free talk time, SMS), high call rate, lack of special offers to the customers, lack of pulse facilities etc. If GP takes world-class to remove or reduce these drawbacks, then it will be more successful in the telecommunications industry of Bangladesh. The Performance of Grameenphone and Robi 175 RecommendationsRecommendations for Grameenphone The authors have suggested some recommendations for improving the performance of Grameenphone are as follows1. The authority of Grameenphone should reduce its higher call charge. At the same time, the reduced call charge should be applied for all operators, not only for GP to GP, but also from GP to other operators. 2. It should provide more friends and family number facilities with GP to GP and other operators. 3. The Company should focus more to the prepaid subscribers than the post-paid subscribers. 4. SIM replacement (in case of lost or damaged SIM) charge should be reduced. . Most of the value added services (VAS) are not friendly for general handset users. GP should take some steps so that general handset users get an opportunity to have that VAS. Recommendations for Robi The following are the provided recommendations by the authors to improve the performance of Robi1. Customers have been switching to other operators as a result of their poor network infrastructure. So, Robi should have quick expansion in network development all over Bangladesh if it wants to keep its customers to stay with it. 2. Time succession of easy load and scratch card should lengthen.Easy load facility should be made easily available. 3. Charge should be reduced than the existing charge to take a new SIM if it is either damaged or lost. 4. The license services of the customer retention scheme of Robi should be launched as soon as possible as djuice of Grameenphone has already started to saturate a trustworthy segment of the market through its X-tra Khatir Card. 5. The Value Added Services (VAS) incision should be coming up with more ideas to entertain its customers. This department has its dominance but should be using it to the full range to provide more useful services to customers needs. . Customer Care has turned out to be one of the most focused points in the telecom industry. Survey results show subscribers expect a lot of it and would appreciate special care facilities. References Agar, J. (2003) eonian touch A global history of the mobile phone, ledger of Service Marketing, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 21-27. Alam, M. J. , and Neger, M. (2009) Measuring consumer attitude towards beautification products A study on some selected brands in Bangladesh, daybook of Business and engineering science (Dhaka), vol. 4, issue 2, p. 61.Australian Communications and Media Authority (2008) Telecommunications Today, Report 4, Customer Satisfaction, February. Balasooriya, A. F. , Alam, Q. , & Coghill, K. (2007) Ownership, competition and regulation under privatization policy the Sri Lankan experience, International Review of Administrative Sciences, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 611-628. 176 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, JulyDecember, 2011 Bolton, R. N. (1998) A dynamic model of the duration of customers relationship with a continuous service provider The role of customer satisfaction, Journal of Marketing, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 5-9. Camp, L. J. & Anderson, B. L. (2001) Deregulating the local loop The telecommunications regulation path less chosen as taken by Bangladesh, International Journal of Technology, constitution and Management, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 100-114. Coldwell. (2001) The Practice of Management, 4th edition, New York Harper & Row. Gupta S. P. and Gupta M. P. (2006) Business statistics, eleventh ed. , New Delhi Sultan Chand & Sons. Hasan, Mahmud. (2008) Mobile phone operators in Bangladesh, The Daily Star, 7 January. Heinonen, K. and Andersson, P. (2003) Swedish mobile market Consumer perceptions of mobile services, Journal of Service Marketing, vol. , no. 1, pp. 33-36. Hess, D. J. (1997) Science Studies An Advanced Introduction, New York New York University Press. Khalil, M. (2000) Ministerial support for mobile Middle East Times, Journal of European Business Management, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 54-81. Khan, M. A. S. (2003) Privatization in the telecommunication sector An overview of comparative Bangladesh situation, The Bangladesh Accountant, 4114 pp. 29-36. Luthans, F. (2002) Organizational Behavior, 9th edition, New York McGraw-Hill International Companies Inc. Mahmud, K. and Chowdhury, S. M. R. 2010) Prospects of mobile learning for digital Bangladesh, Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka), vol. 5, issue 1, January-June, pp. 50-61. Mitchell, K. and Whitmore, M. 2003. Marketing Management In Book-Location Based Services, Journal of American Business and Economics, 41(2)85-91. Rahman, M. T. (2010) Making Teletalk a fit competitor among the mobile phone operators in Bangladesh, Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka), vol. 5, issue 2, July-December, p. 133. Silva, H. D. , & Khan, A. S. (2004) Regulation and investment Case study of Bangladesh, WDR Dialogue newspaper publisher Discussion Paper WDR 03111-33.Sutherland, E. (2007) The regulation of the quality of service in mobile networks, Info 9(6), pp. 17-34. Symeou, P. C. (2009) Does smallness affect the liberalization of telecommunications? The case of Cyprus, Telecommunications Policy 33 (3-4), pp. 215-229. TRAI. (2008) Quality of service assessment Report of survey for basic service (Wireline), Cellular Mobile (Wireless) and Broadband, New Delhi TRAI. Wang, Y. , & Lo, H. P. (2002) Service quality, customer satisfaction and behaviour intentions Evidence from Chinas telecommunication industry, Info, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 50-60. Yusuf, M. A. and Alam, Q. 2010) The influence of regulatory purlieu on mobile phone service quality The case of Bangladesh, annual Asian Business Research Conference 2010, p. 5. Web References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. http//www. grameenphone. com/about-us (Retrieved on 11 stately 2011) http//www. grameenphone. com/about-us/corporate-information/ownership (Re trieved on 11 August 2011) http//www. btrc. gov. bd/licensing/operators/mobile_operators. php (accessed on 11 August 2011). http//www. robi. com. bd/index. php/page/view/98 (Accessed on 12 August 2011) http//www. robi. com. bd/index. php/page/view/99 (Accessed on 12 August 2011).

Hidalgo Resturant, Inc: Succeeding As An Entrepreneur Essay

I. VISIONA. mental imagery avermentFor everyone who works with us to discover in themselves their talent and their potential and to build relationship with each otherB. CommentsVision statements should answer the question What do we want to produce. But Hidalgos vision statement does not answer that question. It doesnt even mention what pattern of championship they are into.C. Proposed Vision StatementTo be the preferred eating place of Filipinos and expatriates, providing total customer expiation through quality, service, cleanliness, and value.II. MISSIONA. explosive charge StatementHidalgo eatery, Inc. doesnt have got specific mission statementB. CommentsA missionary post Statement reflects the companys core purpose, identity, values and principle origin aims. A Mission is defined as Purpose, reason for being. delineate simply Who we are and what we do.Mission statements should possess nine (9) components which are (1) customers, (2) products or run (3) groceryplac es, (4) applied science, (5) Concern for survival, emergence, and profitability, (6) philosophy, (7) self concept, (8) concern for public image, and (9) concern for employees.C. Proposed Mission StatementWe are committed to provide total customer satisfaction and exceed customers expectations through setting the trend in raising the bar, to be the change agents contributing directly to the countrys development, creating standards of excellence which every Filipino may aspire, to be in the crease of grammatical construction relationships and partnerships, among which one partner is the customer, in order to maximize requital that will benefit our supplier, employees, and investors.III. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSISThe eating place sub- field includes places that litigate intellectual nourishment and drinks, be it self-service or full-service. This covers a range of services including fine dining specialty restaurants, immobile pabulum outlets, canteens, and food for thou ght courts. In terms of its contribution to the national economy, the hotel and restaurant assiduity accounted for 1.35% of Philippines 1998 gross domesticated product (PHP12 billion in GVA compared to the Philippines PHP889 billion gross domestic product during the period) and 1.28% of its national product (PHP12 billion in GVA compared to the PHP931 billion GNP). Moreover, the hotel and restaurant application employed about 1% (282,142) of the countrys 31,278,000 labor hurtle during the same period. Mean term, the National Statistics Office (NSO) in 1994, classified 46,930 firms as be to the hotel and restaurant industry, employing a total of 221,954 masses. At the clip, each peso enthronement in labor contributed PHP4.40 to the industrys total output while each peso investment yielded a PHP1.27 contribution to the same.A. Economic Forces eating house patrons cross only economic groups. Fast foods and food courts cater to all income classes. Specialty fine dining restaura nts, generally target the A, B, and C crowd. The proliferation of one-stop shop malls that offer various recreational facilities and amenities is also an important growth factor. The heavy pedestrian traffic that the malls attract means big business for the restaurant industry, particularly the libertine food sub-sector. Moreover, these malls spare the restaurant industry from spending extensive business development studies for their outlets mall magnates Henry Sy and jakes Gokongwei Jr. have established formidable track records in building malls. Finally, Filipino communities abroad are strong basis for the export of topical anaesthetic restaurants and stiff food technology. The presence of Goldilocks, Jollibee, Max, Red Ribbon, and Barrio Fiesta, among others, in the US, for example, is a extend of demand from Filipino migrants longing for a taste for home.B. Social, Cultural, and Demographic ForcesThe urban population to which restaurants cater is largely made up of young pe ople who have risqueer disposable incomes and who are more likely to prove with different cuisine. Brand loyalty is particularly strong in the fast food sub-sector of the restaurant industry. Jollibee patrons, for example, generally stay loyal to the franchise irrespective of price increases. Demand for dining out is associated with both the ever-expanding options available, and also with the number one reason most consumers use restaurants they provide a convenient, sensibly priced experience that offers better flavors and taste sensations than consumers can get at home. This has become particularly critical at a time when more and more women are entering the workforce and consequently have less time to prepare meals at home. Moreover, the Philippine population is youth-oriented. Almost half of the estimated 75 million Filipinos are below 18. And since a large proportion of fast food consumers is between the ages of 16-24, the annual 2.3% population growth rate guarantees com mercialise growth for the sub-sector.C. Political, Legal, and Governmental ForcesStrong support of industry associations and trade unions (i.e., Hotel and eating house Association of the Philippines and the NWHUAI) enable the hotel industry, among other things, to undertake programs and projects that upgrade and professionalize the sector and to influence government regulatory policies/laws/rules affecting the industry.D. Technological ForcesInternational food chains and franchises facilitate transfer of technology in the local anaesthetic restaurant sub-sector. They provide training of potential employees and employ strict quality swear systems. In terms of availability of technology, the Philippine market is highly combative with numerous products and cross offs offered at reasonable prices, and, therefore, allowing restaurant owners the luxury of choosing the type of technology that best suit their operations. Equipment purchasing decisions depend on the type of end-user. Fo r instance, local single-unit restaurants need inexpensive equipment, so price is the main guiding factor. On the other hand, fine dining restaurants are willing to pay a premium for high quality, durability, after-sales service, cost effectiveness, reputable supplier and fast delivery. Restaurant owners regularly participate in local and international equipment trade fairs, allowing them accession to the latest hotel equipment technology.E. Competitive ForcesThere are about 45,220 restaurant establishments in the domestic economy and about 80% of them belong to the fast food sub-sector. Food franchising is extremely popular. There are 1,057 franchised quick serve restaurants, 14 casual dining and theme restaurants, and 507 coffee shops, bakeries, and confectioneries.The industry in which the restaurant and fast food firms operate has increasing consumer demand for every alter product. The growth is proven by the rapid expansion of food outlets in key areas in Metro Manila and the provinces. The popularity of fast food establishments came in the 1980s, and over the last years, the industry has consistently posted double-digit growth rates. contest is fierce in the restaurant industry, particularly the fast food sub-sector. The market is large but consumers are price conscious and exhibit dent loyalty. With a wide range of restaurants and fast food establishments to choose from, price schemes and marketing strategies determine market shares. Market strategies of industry players, therefore, aim to come upon two primary objectives 1) hammer in value-for-money concepts and 2) create brand reason and loyalty.Market shares in the restaurants are won or lost in pricing. Industry players regularly offer price cuts and discounts to lure in late customers. Moreover, major players invest heavily in advertising to create brand consciousness and loyalty. Marketing strategies include raffle draws, free gift items and curiously prized meal combinations, discounted t oys and school items for every certain minimum food purchase. renown endorsements are used in the hopes that the market will identify with the endorser. Likewise, keen competition urges players to come up with new products to capture bigger market shares. Restauranteurs have to be keen at finding the latest food and wine concoctions here and abroad and adapting them to local taste. Targeting the Filipinos tastebuds, several(prenominal) fastfood chains that usually serve only western food have introduced items that appeal to the local markets palate.Raising quality standards and up service have also been focal points of competition, particularly in the fast food sub-sector. Players give incentives and compensations to motivate employees to be efficient on their jobs and and so help maintain the fast food outlets high standards of quality service and cleanliness. Also, a major importance in a fast food and restaurant is courteous and friendly personnel. Not surprisingly, agile ser vice is among the more salient attributes people would highly expect from a fast food restaurant.

Improving Student Learning Through Technology Essay

AbstractIn this day and age of all sorts of technological advancements, the wonders and possibilities for convenience and assistance could be met almost instantaneously. From arms reach to finger tip accessibility of fellowship and information, these advancements simply pose greater advantages for much and more people, especially for the crop and university sector.The dawn of the valuable personal computer, the mighty internet, and more soon to make out show only promise of development, improving further the chances of success for students is bettered. It would only be of true benefit because as these students step and extend into the literal world, they shall be technically and technologically well-equipped to face anything and e very(prenominal)thing.Improving Student erudition Through TechnologyThe essential purpose of educational activity is one which opts to carry every student the chance to be able to succeed in life, amidst any challenge, circumstance, and failure. Th is goal could be better realized if and when all efforts, tools, and processes for education be used and optimized to it full potential.With numerous advances among the lines of technology, almost all issues of social, political, economic, and as well academic importance could be facilitated with much ease and efficiency. With the use these different tools made easily available, students overall learning processes could be improved which would greatly benefit them. With subjects such as Algebra, Physics, and Chemistry, it mustiness be considered that students are very much accustomed the more traditional methods of teaching, learning, and everything else that comes with it.Through the use of untried technologies, a fresh, innovative approach is taken, which would stimulate and keep the students interested. Hence, scholarly institutions must recognize the habits of their students and capitalize on such opportunities. They must learn how to vary with the changing times and incor porate use of technology in their programs. obtain for instance gaming programs on the surface and as presented, such tools are used more for leisure than learning.However, the Queensland organization (2008) emphasizes that this must be use with function purposefully selected games blended with carefully constructed learning experiences can be used to improve student learning outcomes (n.p.). Such options are ofttimes overlooked, for they are believed to only serve as distractions. However, as argued, the games must of note integrate needed scholarly requirements to help the students learn with passion and sustainable interest. Academic bodies and organization may take this in serious account, for it could genuinely bring a new sense of learning element that the more traditional methods of education may be lacking.ReferencesQueensland Government (2008). Games in learning. Queensland Government Department of Education, Training and the Arts. Retrieved November 6, 2008, fromhttp/ /education.qld.gov.au/smartclassrooms/strategy/dp/games.html.

Investigation of My Personality According to Five Personality Theories

Psychology is the combined elements of Physiology and Philosophy. It is the discipline give way-to doe with with port and mental processes. It also covers how they effect the external and internal environment of on organism. at that place ar numerous approaches to discovering a systematic scheme of temper in order to answer some of the bothersome questions that obligate developed in psychological science regarding this phenomenon. Personality is believed to be possessed by all people in differing degrees.How people tend to think, feel, and behave and what causes individual(a)s to have these tendencies are questions addressed by personality theory and question. Whereas developmental psychology and social psychology have merged as a put in matter in psychology, personality has never truly found that unity. There has never been a fundamentally acceptable definition as to what personality is. These aspects have not prevented personality from being the subject of psychological research and theory-making.One day Ive began to consider about my personality luxuriant while pick outing Psychology. Then Ive just realized changes in my character and behavior, but didnt pay much attention to study each side of my personality deeply. During the investigation of my personality Ive make some tests to take up about my personality better. My personality according to psychoanalytic theory When I passes the test questions C. Jungs analytic theory I have realized that I am related to the ESFP providers.I am not an extraverted person and reserved person and I normally prefer being al one and only(a). My personality according to Humanistic theory The center of the humanistic perspective is on the self, which translates into YOU, and your perception of your experiences. This veiw argues that I am disembarrass to choose my own behavior, rather than reacting to environmental stimuli and reinforcers. My personality according to behavioural theory A behavioral theory is relatively easy to develop, as you simply assess both leadership success and the actions of leaders.With a pear-shaped enough study, you can then correlate statistically significant behaviors with success. tally to Social learning theory I think People learn through observing others behavior, attitudes, and outcomes of those behaviors. Social learning theory explains human behavior in terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences. According to Trait theory The trait approach to personality is one of the major theoretical areas in the study of personality.The trait theory suggests that individual personalities are composed broad dispositions. Consider how you would describe the personality of a close friend. Consequently,I would like to say that I believe people are an open book. If you watch what they do and listen to what they say over time, I think they give us a pretty good design of their personality and attitudes. I k now that is a sweeping generality, but I think it holds true in most people

Human Natures Tragic Flaw Essay

Do you believe there is a beast inwardly man that tempts us to do wrong and ordinate sliminess? Or is it just humankind nature to be sinful? In the bible, obtain of Genesis, it shows how god cr run downed crack and Eve. These two beings had everything one could possibly imagine, food, water, shelter, and the protection of our heavenly father. Their only rule in The Garden Of Eden was to not eat from the forbidden fruit tree in the center of the garden, but Adam and Eve were flawed and short fell into temptation from the serpent, and ate the fruit. They went against Gods only command and made the human species sinners.In the refreshing, The superior Of The Flies, a flat crashes on an uninhabited island leaving numerous boys stranded. These boys had to tick to survive without adults to make their food and provide shelter for them. At scratch line they all agree to a chief, Ralph, and argon willing to work in concert to build shelters, but as the novel reaches its climax, they turn savage which soon leads to the death of three boys. The author William Golding portrays that it is not human nature deep down ourselves that makes us practice out, but when times are rough, violence and sin leads us away from the path of undecomposedeousness.Symbolism is apply throughout the novel to show that things put in this world tempt us to act out. The biggest illustration of symbolism in The Lord Of The Flies is in similitude to the beast. The Beast was introduced on the very first day on the island. A little boy with a mulberry-colored birthmark on his side educated everybody of a so called Beast, which he had apparently seen on the forward night. At the time, this was overlooked by the older boys as something in his imagination.As the baloney advances it becomes evident that the older boys begin to believe in this Beast. wizard evening Simon was spotted when returning from one of his nature walks, and knucklebones persuaded the others that he was the B east. Each boy began pouncing on Simon, stabbing and beating him to death. This shows that a lessened thing, such as the serpent in the Garden of Eden, can subject fear and tempt us to do wrong, and in this case commit murder. Another example that holds much symbolic value throughout the figment is the usage of the word scar. When the plane crashes on the lush island, it disrupts the balance and unison of nature untouched by mans influence. The twisted wreckage of the plane creates an imperfection in the peacefulness of nature, and leaves the beach a scar of what it used to be, stunning and unharmed by mans vicious impulse. An bearing which also attains much symbolic relevance as the story unfolds is the conch shell. Delicate, fragile, and white, the conch is what brings the boys together on the first day at the beach.It is used throughout the story as an object of high importance and tradition, as it calls meetings together and determines who has the right to speak, depending on who is holding it at the time. It can be seen as a representation of law and order amongst the boys, as it unites them and prevents chaos from arising. As the account book progresses, however, characters equal Jack and his hunters put less and less importance in the sensibility and order in the concept of the conch, and finally disregard it entirely as chaos erupts over the island.This symbolizes the struggle of civilization and savagery, as Jacks hatred of Piggy and Ralph grows and he and his boys resort to primal urges like hunting and killing. It is shown throughout the novel that although it is mans natural brain to cause destruction, it is not human nature to sin. We are tempted into sin by those around us, and even our own mind sets. William Golding beautifully portrays that it is not human nature within ourselves that makes us act out, but when times are rough, violence and sin leads us away from the path of righteousness.

Apple vs Microsoft

Everybody thinks orchard apple tree is jr. than Microsoft, but Apple was innate(p)(p) in 1976, just one year after Microsoft corporation. They develop both different ways to produce the same product, Microsoft has real a calculator platform much popular than the Apple platform. Indeed, Microsoft Softwares came in the market as a reference, due to the easiest compatibility network. In the another(prenominal) hand, Apple increased on the ten last years. The main problem of this war implies the consumer. How do you fudge your decision between two products , when they are globally similar ?Microsoft has developed an Operating System which is easy to use for anyone, and the majority of the computer get to installed the O. S Windows . Moreover, a personal computer stays less overpriced than an Apple computer. Behind the graphics and the user interface, technically the core of the body grant a lot of flaws, that imperil the security of the O. S. Apple bets on the design and effici ency to equal the windows industry. The O. S on the Apple computers is named mack O. S. The core of the system is very stable and very safe. Indeed, computer virus arent made for the Macintosh O.S. So a lot of consumers chose Apple for the security. The price for the Apple computers are the most expensive, and most of software products cant be used on MAC O. S computers. Apple and Microsoft were born together, but one pretend to a quality and luxurious product, and the other is made to satisfy another public who cares about price, but doesnt stand with design. They have a common market, but for different node companies which dont need the same product, so apple software is designed for the student whereas Microsoft software supply to the professional demand.Whats more, tardily Apple goes through Microsoft in the highest trade price to the second mark of the most powerful company. To my mind, Apple is better than Microsoft because it turned to a younger public, which is the begin ning of the next generation. But for the 40 last years, Microsoft sold more laptops and computers than Apple. Today, Apple is getting better than Microsoft, how can we explain this mind changing? (360 words)

Foundations of Online Learning Essay

We be in an age where electronic devices take a federal agency consumed our lives. You cant compensate think of leaving your home or office without some pattern of electronic gizmo. Think of how these electronic devices and technology have changed the way we think, computing devices and man-portable devices atomic number 18 doing all the thinking for us. Students today rely on these gizmos and have forgotten about the core fundamentals of learning and be non learning the basic skills. As you read through this research musical theme I go away c everyplace electronics in todays tutoring, leave out of calligraphy, favorable beargonrs, and online schooling. Walk into any school classroom today and they argon filled with laptop computers, projectors, smart boards, and other electronic gizmos. Schools are relying to a greater extent and much on technology to teach our students. There is nothing wrong with technology, that have strayed a way of teaching the basic fundamen tals of spell out and writing.Computers today have embraced our classrooms with kids get accustomed to them in general life. amidst September 1984 and September 1997 alone, the number of computers in Americas K-12 schools change magnitude to more(prenominal) than 8 million units. By 2014 it is expect there will be over one billion computers available to students worldwide. In 1994 lone(prenominal) 3% of schools had internet access, by 2005 that number had reached 94% and the ratio of students to instructional computers with Internet access in public schools was 3.8 to 1. Even with all these naughty tech gadgets, children still having to go to computer labs or the back of classrooms (Budig 2010). Books are starting to become a thing of the past as schools life to laptops, tablet, and eBook computers. Tablet computers allow a student to digitally write and kill their work, enchantment allowing a student to also use it as a computer to do word processing, view books and sear ch internet.A laptop just allows a student to do word processing, view books and the internet. over the last couple of years a new device called an eBook has interpreted over. It is allowing schools to replace classroom books with one device, the average eBook can store over 160 books saving schools millions of dollars. California croaks over 350 million annually on schools books and is looking to eBooks which cost only 300.00 (Tran 2009). Today kids are turning in their pencils for keyboards. Penmanship is starting to become a lost art as schools teach less writing and focus more on computer keyboarding. In 1995 adults were resorting to printing instead of cursive to make their correspondence understood. As of 2002 only a quarter of 12th club students could write a decent essay. Even worse only 2 percent wrote truly well (Brush 2011).In Canada children in first grade are expected to compose and edit simple text documents. By the third grade they are expected to type an email. I f its keyboarding vs. penmanship, I think penmanship loses out, just because of the packed curriculum. Its something that you need time to do, says Susan Whelehan, an elementary school teacher in Toronto (Schmidt, 2005). Students are relying more on computers today to do the work for them and practicing penmanship less. Social media and video games have taken over our lives and kids are interacting less with each other. Fifteen years ago kids would run away outside and use their imagi body politics, today they sit in front of a TV or computer.On average 2-5 year old spend 32 hours a week in front of TV while 6-11 years old spend 28 hours (Boyse, 2010). According to the Kaiser Family Foundation that for more than 7 1/2 hours a day, American children ages 8 to 18 are tethered to computers, plugged into MP3 players, watching TV or compete video, computer or handheld games and for much of that time, doing several at at once (Healy, 2010). With all that time kids are also turning to sites like Facebook and MySpace. These sites are causing kids to stay in front of a computer which they are losing interaction with children and causing social barriers. Online learning has taken over the classroom with its flexibility to teach students.Schools have come a long way from the microscope slide shows and reel-reel video, today they have turned to Computer Based knowledge (CBT) and Multi Media. In 2004 it was estimated that 37 percent of school districts had students taking technology-supported distance tuition courses. Today over a million high school students are enrolled in some kind of distant learning.CBT training has become a standard in training students from reading to math and has been very effective. CBTs project a student a fun way to learn without them penetrating it. Flexibility is the key with CBTs. If students are having trouble in one subject the program can focus more, if a student is excelling it can refer the student harder. CBTs have become a great assessment putz for teachers and allows them more flexibility.Another great tool in the classroom has been slide shows and smart boards. Years ago teachers would print material out on transparencies and project them on screens. Today teachers can build slideshows which provide more detail and flexibility. When you incorporate a smart board this allows the ability of interaction with the slideshow.Over the past 20 years our learning environment has seen a complete over all. We demand tuition at our fingertips and on a moments notice. Electronic devices fill our daily lives from social media, information at our fingertips, and having them do simple tasks. We have become a nation that wants things easy. Our lives are disrupted if we cant check Facebook every wink of the day. With that technology has done great things for our schools but has hindered some also. Students are relying on computers to do everything for them and we are losing key elements of learning. Penmanship, sp elling, and grammar have been lost to word-processing. Teachers are cosmos replaced to Computer Based Training, but with new technology changing everyday you never know what whitethornbe robot teachers is succeeding(prenominal)ReferencesSchmidt, S. (2005, January 22). Keyboard threatens writing skills For next generation. The art of cursive writing may be a expiry one. The Gazette.Retrieved from http//www.lexisnexis.com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/?verb=sr&csi=8422&sr=lni%284F9K-YHB0-TWD3-Y248%29 Budig, G. A. (2010, March 31). Technology an integral give of todays education system. Retrieved from http//www2.ljworld.com/news/2010/mar/31/technology-integral-part-todays- education-system/Tran, M. (2009, June 09). Arnold Schwarzenegger to scum school textbooks in favour ofebooks. Retrieved from http//www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jun/09/arnold-schwarzenegger-school-textbooks-ebooksBrush, D. C. (2011, September 06). Penmanship becoming a lost art. Retrieved fromhttp//cros sville-chronicle.com/opinion/x601175799/RANDOM-THOUGHTS-Penmanship-becoming-a-lost-artBoyse, K. C. (2010, August). Television and Children. Retrieved from http//crossville-chronicle.com/opinion/x601175799/RANDOM-THOUGHTS-Penmanship-becoming-a-lost-artHealy, M. (2010, August). Teenage social media butterflies may not be such a bad idea. LosAngeles Times. Retrieved from http//articles.latimes.com/2010/may/18/science/la-sci-socially-connected-kids-20100518

Success Factor for Zara

What be the Key success circumstanceors of Zara? The ability to respond to guest requirements on a timely basis has perpetually been a underlying element of the marting concept. Martin Christopher et. al. Hence, it is important being proactive in a grocery gunstock such as the fast-fashion intentness which Zara is operating in, time is always a crucial factor. The fast-fashion commercialise, amongst another(prenominal) things, is characterized by short lifecycles, high up volatility, busted predictability, and high-impulse purchases. Therefore, it is very important for Zara to constantly have their products available for a capableness customer in order to sell and earn more proceeds.Since the fast-fashion market is likewise constantly shifting and trends can be replaced over a night, there is a low predictability. This makes it a lot more ambitious to compose accurate forecasts. In order to stay competitive in the market, it is important to take be aw be of these typ es of factors mentioned above, and make sure you are not left behind. One of Zara? s distinctive key success factors is their valuable and planned integrated logistics and supply chain management. This allows them to further soften and deliver a competitive marketing mix.In a marketplace where customers continue to find the latest designs that are still in fashion, Zara is an outstanding drill of how to make that possible. It usually takes at least six months in the material industry for an idea to be transformed into a product and partake the store shelves. By reducing the lead-time through with(predicate) efficient channel management, Zara has true a vertical integrated business model, which allows them to change some separate of their inventory in only a couple of weeks. This strategy is at once known as the Quick Response (QR).The definition of QR can be described as A state of responsiveness and flexibility in which an organization seeks to provide a highly diverse rang e of products and serve to a customer/consumer in the exact quantity, variety, quality, time, place and price, as placed by real-time customer/consumer demand. Neil Towers et. al The QR strategy allows Zara to create products that are inspired by the latest fashion trends from around the world through diverse media sources displayed to a spacious public, leading fashion scenes, movies, bloggers, etc.By having products for a sane price with relatively high quality, Zara is one of the leading fast-fashion companies in the world. But, how does their troupe function to have this much success? One of the main reasons wherefore Zara is so competitive is because they have suppliers that are strategically designed to run their conceptual idea. Their conceptual idea is to supply trendy clothes, to a broad market, for a reasonable price. Almost 30 percent of the gilds suppliers are find in either Spain or move of Europe.The local presence of the manufacturing facilities within a sho rt distance to many of their stores and headquarters, has allowed the come with to be very flexible in a changing market. With high integration to the follow? s suppliers, the products that are highly sensitive to handiness and proactive response are mainly erectd in Europe. They minimize cost and lead-time because of the local presence, which makes it possible to introduce saucily and fresh merchandise threefold times a year.Since, major parts of the production are situated locally, the products can slide by the stores at the right time, meet the actual demand, and r separately a higher sell-through. The other part of their product line that is not susceptible for seasonal change is outsourced to low-cost-labor countries in Asia. The combination of suppliers works as a competitive advantage. It promotes high-impulse purchasing from their new lines while still profiting for their staple product lines. Another key success factor is their pricing strategy.The company uses a mar ket-based pricing strategy, which means that they design products at a wintry price according to what the costumers are willing to pay. All the costs to produce and deliver the product combined with the planned gross margin for profit are then calculated in accordance to the final sell price. Besides the pricing strategy, Zara also uses a market-oriented approach, which refers to being aware and predicting costumers surreptitious needs. As studies has revealed, the company only spends one percent of their annual derangement on advertising.They put most of their resources into using modern technologies, such as point-of-sales data collected from their stores as an effective communication tool. By regularly collecting POS-data, and translating the information into real demand and different consumption patterns, the company can deliver the exact quantity of merchandise, at the right time, to their stores. This employment minimizes the costs and results in higher profit, which ca n be used for other business activities such as expansion, product development and so on.Not to mention, it also makes it possible for the company to evaluate and predict which products that will have a shorter or longer product life cycle. Hence, will result in higher sell-through, quick elimination of products that are out of fashion, and replenishment of new merchandise. Another reason to why their internationalization has been so successful is the fact that their merchandize can be sold in many different parts of the world. Even regardless of cultural differences. One of the reasons is that their consumers love garments from the high-end market and Zara copies those garments at lower prices for their consumers.In some cultures the company is using adaptation tools. For example, each store manager is allowed to make slight modifications to the assortment to achieve a better match between supply and demand in true countries. In addition, the location of the stores is another succ essful factor. Zara has chosen to position their stores in attractive and high-trafficked locations. Also, Zaras stores are designed by professional store decorators in accordance to Zaras business image. The interior of the Zara in rudimentary for instance is very similar to other high-end fashion stores, which gives customers the same touch perception as shopping in a luxury store.References Used the two articles posted by Dawn on FB Lectures Tutorials And Retrieved on 2012-03-11http//www. google. com. hk/books? hl=sv&lr=&id=-9Ja0ZQ6gSMC&oi=fnd&pg=PA62&dq=market+orientation+and+supply+chain+management+in+the+fashion+industry&ots=0FiX4Yvyf5&sig=BoBe-KOlSiOaY6igTvN7NvyPVYM&redir_esc=yv=onepage&q=market%20orientation%20and%20supply%20chain%20management%20in%20the%20fashion%20industry&f=false Retrieved on 2012-03-11 http//martin-christopher. info/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/CREATING-AGILE-SUPPLY-CHAINS-IN-THE-FASHION-INDUSTRY. pdf

Cory aquino Essay

Mara Corazn Sumulong Cory Cojuangco Aquino was born on January 25, 1933, in Paniqui, Tarlac, Mara Corazn Cory Sumulong Cojuangco was the fourth child of Jos Cojuangco, Sr. and Demetria Sumulong. Her siblings were Pedro, Josephine, Teresita, Jose, younger and Maria Paz. Both Aquinos parents came from prominent clans. Her father was a prominent Tarlac businessman and politician, and her great-grandfather, Melecio Cojuangco, was a appendage of the historic Malolos Congress.Her mother, Demetria, belonged to the Sumulong family of Rizal who were policy-makingly powerful Juan Sumulong, a prominent member of the clan, ran against Commonwealth prexy Manuel L. Quezon in 1941. As a young girl, she spent her elementary days at St. Scholasticas College in Manila, where she graduated on top of her class and batch as valight-emitting diodeictorian. For highschool school, she transferred toAssumption Convent for her starting billet category of high school. afterwards, she went to the fall in States to finish her secondary education. at that place she continued her college education. She went to theCollege of Mount Saint Vincent in New York City, where she majored in maths and French.During her breathe in the United States, Aquino volunteered for the campaign of U.S. Republican death chairial campaigner Thomas Dewey against hence Democrat U.S. chairman Harry S. Truman during the 1948 U.S. Presidential Election. After graduating from college, she returned to the Philippines to study law at the Far Eastern University (owned by the in-laws of her elderberry bush sister, Josephine Reyes) for one year. She married Sen.Benigno S. Aquino, Jr., son of the late Speaker Benigno S. Aquino, Sr. and a grandson of General Servillano Aquino.The couple had five children Mara Elena (born August 18, 1955), aurora Corazn (born December 27, 1957), Benigno Simeon III (born February 8, 1960), Victoria Elisa (born October 27, 1961) and Kristina Bernadette (born February 14, 1971). C orazn Aquino had encumbrance initially adjusting to provincial life when she and her married man travel to C at one timepcion, Tarlac in 1955. Aquino make up herself bored in Concepcion, and welcomed the opportunity to have dinner with her husband inner(a) the American military facility at nearby Clark Field. A member of the Liberal Party, Aquinos husband Ninoy rose to become the youngestg everywherenor in the hoidenish and eventually became the youngest senator ever elected in the Senate of the Philippines in 1967.During her husbands political career, Aquino remained a housewife who helped raise their children and played air hostess to her spouses political allies who would frequent their Quezon City home. She would sort step up to join her husband on stage during campaign rallies, preferring instead to allow at the guts of the audience and listen to him. Unknown to umteen, she voluntarily interchange some of her prized inheritance to fund the candidacy of her husband. S he conduct a minor existence in a bungalow in suburban Quezon City. Ninoy Aquino soon emerged as a leading critic of the presidency of President Ferdinand Marcos. He was then touted as a strong candidate for president to surveil Marcos in the 1973 preferences.However, Marcos, organism barred by the Constitution to seek a third term, declared warlike law on September 21, 1972, and later on(prenominal) abolished the existing 1935 Constitution, thereby allowing him to remain in office. As a consequence, her husband was among those to be first arrested at the on found of martial law, later beingness sentenced to death. During his incarceration, Ninoy sought strength from prayer, attending daily mass and reflection the prayer beads three times a day. As a measure of relinquish and solidarity with her husband and all other political prisoners, she enjoined her children from attending parties and she also stop going to the beauty salon or buying new tog until a priest advised her and her children to instead live as sane lives as possible.In 1978, despite her initial opposition, Ninoy decided to run in the 1978 Batasang Pambansa elections. A reluctant speaker, Corazn Aquino campaigned in behalf of her husband, and for the first time in her life delivered a political speech. In 1980, upon the intervention of U.S. President pry Carter, Marcos allowed Senator Aquino and his family to leave for exile in the United States, where he sought checkup treatment.4 The family stagetled in Boston, and Aquino would later call the next three days as the happiest days of her marriage and family life.On August 21, 1983, however, Ninoy ended his stay in the United States and returned without his family to the Philippines, only to be assassinated on a staircase leading to the tarmac of the Manila internationalistic Airport, which was later renamed in his honor (see Assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr.). Corazn Aquino returned to the Philippines a few days later and l ed her husbands funeral procession, inwhich more than two meg tribe joined the procession. Following her husbands assassination in 1983, Aquino became active and visible in various demonstrations and protests held against the Marcos politics.She began to assume the mantle of leadership left by her husband Ninoy and started to become the symbolic figurehead of the anti-Marcos political opposition. In the last week of November 1985, Marcos surprise the nation by announcing on American television that he would hold a pushover presidential election in February 1986, in order to dispel and remove doubts against his regimes legitimacy and authority. Reluctant at first, Aquino was eventually prevailed upon to heed the peoples clamor, after one million signatures urging her to run for president were presented to her. Despite this, the erstwhile favorite opposite candidate, Laurel, did non immediately prevail way to his close friends widow.Laurel was only convinced(p) to run as Aquin os Vice President upon the urging of the influential Manila Cardinal Archbishop Jaime Sin. As a compromise, Aquino agreed to run beneath Laurels machinery, the United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO), then the countrys largest opposition party. With that, the Aquino-Laurel tandem was formally launched to challenge Marcos and at long last put an end to his twenty-year martial rule. In the subsequent political developments and events, Marcos aerated that Aquino was being escorted by communists and agreed to share power with them once elected into power.A political novice, Aquino categorically denied Marcos charge and even express that she would non appoint a single communist to her cabinet. Running on the offensive, the ailing Marcos also accused Aquino of playing political football with the United States with respect to the continued United States military presence in the Philippines at Clark Air Base and Subic oceanic Base. Further, the male strongman derided Aquino s cleaning ladyhood, by saying that she was just a woman whose place was in the bedroom. In repartee to her opponents sexist remark, Aquino simply remarked that may the better woman win in this election.Marcos also attacked Aquinos inexperience and warned the country that it would be a disaster if a woman like her with no forward political experience would be elected president to which Aquino cleverly and sardonically responded, admitting that she had no experience in cheating, lying to the public, stealing regimen money, and killing political opponents. The snap election called by Marcos which was held on February 7,1986 was marred by massive electoral fraud, violence, intimidation, coercion and disenfranchisement of voters. Election Day proved to be bloody as one of Aquinos staunchest allies Antique regulator Evelio Javier was brutally murdered, allegedly by one of Marcos supporters in his province. Further, during the counting and tallying of votes conducted by the Commissio n on Elections (COMELEC), 30 poll computer technicians walked out to battle and contest the alleged election-rigging done in favor of Marcos.Despite this, the Batasang Pambansa, which was rule by allies of the ruling party, declared President Marcos as the achiever in the recently concluded snap presidential election on February 15, 1986. In protest to the declaration of the Philippine parliament, Aquino called for a rally dubbed Tagumpay ng call foran ( volumes Victory Rally) the following day, during which she claimed that she was the real winner in the snap election and urged Filipinos to boycott the p magnetic poleucts and services by companies controlled or owned by Marcos cronies. The rally held at the historic Rizal Park in Luneta, Manila displace a mammoth-sized crowd, which sent a strong signal that Filipinos were already growth tired of Marcos two decade-rule. Further, the dubious election results drew sharp reactions from both(prenominal) topical anesthetic quarte rs and unknown countries.The Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines issued a educational activity strongly criticizing the conduct of the election which was characterized by violence and fraud. The United States Senate condemned the election. Aquino rejected a power-sharing agreement proposed by the American diplomatPhilip Habib, who had been sent as an detective by U.S. President Ronald Reagan to help defuse the tension. After weeks of tension following the disputed outcome of the snap election, disgruntled and reformist military officers, led by then Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile and General Fidel V.Ramos, surprised the entire nation and the whole world when they announced their defection from President Marcos and their strong belief that Aquino was the real winner in the presidential election on February 22, 1986. Upon the urging and encouragement of the activist Cardinal Archbishop of Manila Jaime Sin, millions of Filipinos trooped to bivouac Aguinaldo along Ep ifanio De los Santos Avenue (EDSA), where Enrile and Ramos have been holding operations, to give their moral support and prayers for the reformist soldiers. At that time, Aquino was meditating in a Carmelite convent in Cebu.Upon knowledge of the defection, Aquino called onFilipinos to rally behind Minister Enrile and General Ramos. Later on, Aquino flew back to Manila in order to prepare to assume the presidency upon the cartridge ejector of Marcos. Finally, to the amazement and admiration of the entire world, after twenty years of martial rule, Ferdinand Marcos was driven out from power and Corazn Aquino was formally and peacefully cuss in as the new president of a freed and liberated Philippines on February 25, 1986, a historic event which is now known and remembered as the 1986 EDSA People Power mutation.In Presidency, the triumph of the peaceful People Power Revolution and the ascension of Corazn Aquino into power signaled the end of authoritarian rule in the Philippines and the dawning of a new era for Filipinos. The relatively peaceful port by which Aquino came into power drew outside(a) acclaim and admiration non only for her besides for the Filipino people, as well. During the first months of Aquinos presidency, the country experienced radical changes and sweeping democratic reforms. One of Aquinos first moves was the creation of the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG), which was tasked to go after the Marcos ill-gotten wealth.Aquino, being a revolutionary president by virtue of people power, abolished the 1973 Marcos Constitution and dissolved the Marcos allies-dominated Batasang Pambansa, despite the advice of her vice-president and only set up minister Salvador Laurel. She also immediately created a Constitutional Commission, which she directed for the indite of a new constitution for the nation. Immediately after assuming the presidency, President Aquino issued Proclamation No. 3, which established a revolutionary government . She abolished the 1973 Constitution that was in force during martial law, and instead promulgated the provisional 1986 Freedom Constitution, pending the check of a new Constitution by the people.This allowed her to exercise both executive and legislative powers until the ratification of the new Philippine Constitution and the shaping of a new Congress in 1987. Aquino promulgated two drainage basin legal codes, namely, the Family Code of 1987, which reformed the civil law on family relations, and the administrative Code of 1987, which reorganise the structure of the executive branch of government. Another drainage area law that was enacted during her tenure was the 1991 LocalGovernment Code, which devolved national government powers to local anaesthetic government units (LGUs).The new Code enhanced the power of LGUs to enact local taxation measures and assured them of a share in the national revenue. Aquino unsympathetic down the Marcos-dominated Batasang Pambansa to prevent the new Marcos loyalist opposition from undermining her democratic reforms and reorganise the membership of the tyrannical appeal to restore its independence. In May 1986, the reorganized Supreme Court declared the Aquino government as not unless a de facto government but in fact and law a de jure government, whose legitimacy had been affirmed by the community of nations. This Supreme Court decision affirmed the status of Aquino as the rightful leader of the Philippines. To fast-track the takings of a full constitutional government and the writing of a new charter, she appointed 48 members of the 1986 Constitutional Commission (Con-Com), led by retired activist Supreme Court Associate Justice Cecilia Muoz-Palma.The Con-Com completed its final draftsmanship in October 1986. On February 2, 1987, the new Constitution of the Philippines, which put strong emphasis on civil liberties, human rights and affable justice, was overwhelmingly approved by the Filipino people. As soon as she assumed the presidency of the Philippines, Aquino moved quickly to tackle the issue of the US$26 billion foreign debt incurred by her predecessor, which has badly tarnished the international credit standing and economic nature of the country. After weighing all possible options much(prenominal) as choosing not to pay, Aquino eventually chose to honor all the debts that were previously incurred in order to die the countrys image. Her decision proved to be unpopular but Aquino defended that it was the most practical move.It was crucial for the country at that time to witness the investors confidence in the Philippine sparing. Since 1986, the Aquino brass has paid off $4 billion of the countrys outstanding debts to regain good international credit ratings and attract the attention of future markets. Nevertheless, the administration borrowed an additional $9 billion, change magnitude the national debt by $5 billion within 6 years time since the ouster of former President Fer dinand Marcos in 1986. Further, recognizing how brother capitalism zapped out the economy due to collusion between government and big business and adhering to the Catholic social principle of subsidiarity, President Aquino set out on a course of market liberalization schedule while at the same time emphasizing solidarity, people say-so and civic engagement to help alleviate poverty in the country.The Aquino administration also sought to bring back fiscal discipline in order as it aimed to trim down the governments compute deficit that ballooned during Marcos term through privatization of bad government assets and deregulation of many vital industries. As president, Aquino sought out to dismantle the cartels, monopolies and oligopolies of important industries that were set up by Marcos cronies during the dark days of Martial Law, particularly in the sugar and coconut industries. By discarding these monopolies and allowing market-led prices and competition, small farmers and produc ers were given a unclouded chance to sell their produce and products at a more reasonable, belligerent and profitable price. This, in a way, also helped a lot in improving the lot of farmers who are in dire need of increasing their personal income and earnings. It was also during Aquinos time that vital economic laws such as the Built-Operate-Transfer Law, Foreign Investments Act and the Consumer Protection and Welfare Act were enacted.The economy posted a positive growth of 3.4% during her first year in office. But in the aftermath of the 1989 coup attempt by the rightist Reform the Armed Forces Movement, the Philippine economy remained stagnant. In her final year in office, inflation was raging at 17%, and unemployment was slightly over 10%, higher than the Marcos years. Overall, the economy under Aquino had an average growth of 3.8% from 1986 to 1992. currently after taking office, Aquino declared that the presence of US military forces in the Philippines was an affront to nat ional sovereignty. She ordered the United States military to vacate U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay and Clark Air Base.The US objected, pointing that they had leased the property and the leases were whitewash in effect. Also, thousands of Filipinos worked at these military facilities and they would lose their jobs and the Filipino economy would yen if the US Military moved out. The US stated that the facilities at Subic Bay were unequaled anywhere in Southeast Asia and a US get out out could make all of that region of the world vulnerable to an penetration by the Soviet Union or by a revived Japan. She refused to back down and insisted that the USA get out. The matter was still being debated when Mount Pinatubo erupted in June 1991, covering the entire area with volcanic ash. The end to the bases was so severe that the US decided that it would best to pull out after all, so the bases were closed and the United Statesdeparted.President Aquino envisioned rural and land reform as the ce nterpiece of her administrations social legislative agenda. However, her family background and social class as a inside daughter of a wealthy and landed clan became a lightning rod of criticisms against her land reform agenda. On February 22, 1987, three weeks after the resounding ratification of the 1987 Constitution, agrarian workers and farmers marched to the historic Mendiola Street near the Malacaan Palace to demand current land reform from Aquinos administration. However, the march turned violent when maritime forces fired at farmers who tried to go beyond the designated demarcation line set by the police. As a result, 12 farmers were killed and 19 were hurt in this incident now known as the Mendiola Massacre.This incident led some prominent members of the Aquino Cabinet to resign their government posts. In repartee to calls for agrarian reform, President Aquino issued Presidential Proclamation 131 and Executive Order 229 on July 22, 1987, which outlined her land reform d esign, which included sugar lands. In 1988, with the title of Aquino, the new Congress of the Philippines passed Republic Act No. 6657, more popularly known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law.The law coat the way for the redistribution of agricultural lands to tenant-farmers from landowners, who were paid in exchange by the government through just compensation but were also allowed to retain not more than five hectares of land. However, corporate landowners were also allowed under the law to voluntarily divest a proportion of their capital stock, equity or lodge in favor of their workers or other qualified beneficiaries, in placement of turning over their land to the government for redistribution.Despite the flaws in the law, the Supreme Court upheld its constitutionality in 1989, declaring that the writ of execution of the comprehensive agrarian reform program provided by the said law, was a revolutionary kind of expropriation. Despite the implementation of CARP, Aquino was not spared from the controversies that eventually centered on Hacienda Luisita, a 6,453-hectare estate dictated in the Province of Tarlac, which she, together with her siblings inherited from her father Jose Cojuangco (Don Pepe) Critics argued that Aquino bowed to compress from relatives by allowing stock redistribution under Executive Order 229.Canadian International bread for Freedom, International Democracy accolade from the International Association of policy-making Consultants on 1986. Prize For Freedom Award from Liberal International on 1987. In 1993 she achieved the Special Peace Award from the Aurora Aragon Quezon Peace Awards keister and Concerned Women of the Philippines.She also achieved Path to Peace Award on 1995. J. Willia Fullbright Prize for International pinch from the U.S Department of State. Also Ramon Magsaysay Award for International Understanding and Pearl S. Buck on 1998. In 1999, she achieved One of Time clips 20 Most Influential Asians of the 20t h Century. World Citizenship Award on 2001. In 2005, she also achieved the David Rockefeller Bridging Leadership Awards and One of the Worlds Elite Women Who Make a Difference by the International Womens Forum Hall of Fame. One of Time Magazines 65 Asian Heroes on 2006. One of Different Views 15 Champions of World Democracy on 2008. Aquino also achieved the EWC Asia Pacific Community twist Award, Womens International Center International Leadership Living legacy Award, Martin Luther King, Jr. Nonviolent Peace Prize, and United Nations Development Fund for Women Noel basis Life Award.